![]() Learn more in this video about EUAs.įDA has granted full approval for some COVID-19 vaccines. The EUAs allowed the vaccines to be quickly distributed for use while maintaining the same high safety standards required for all vaccines. Initially, they determined that COVID-19 vaccines met FDA’s safety and effectiveness standards and granted those vaccines Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs). Any side effects from getting the vaccine are normal signs the body is building protection.īefore vaccines are made available to people in real-world settings, FDA assesses the findings from clinical trials. People get this protection from a vaccine, without ever having to risk the potentially serious consequences of getting sick with COVID-19. At the end of the immune building process, our bodies have learned how to help protect against future infection with the virus that causes COVID-19.This response is similar to what your body does if you get sick with COVID-19, but is temporary. This triggers our immune system to produce antibodies and activate other immune cells to fight off what it is an infection. Our immune system recognizes that the spike protein does not belong there. Next, our cells display the spike protein on their surface.After the spike protein piece is made, our cells break down the vector virus and remove it. The spike protein is found on the surface of the virus that causes COVID-19. It enters the muscle cells and uses the cells’ machinery to produce a harmless piece of what is called a spike protein. The vector virus in the vaccine is not the virus that causes COVID-19, but a different, harmless virus. Viral vector COVID-19 vaccines are given in a muscle in the upper arm.Any side effects from getting the vaccine are normal signs the body is building protection. The benefit is that people get this protection from a vaccine, without ever having to risk the potentially serious consequences of getting sick with COVID-19. At the end of the process, our bodies have learned how to help protect against future infection with the virus that causes COVID-19.This is what your body might do if you got sick with COVID-19. This triggers our immune system to produce antibodies and activate other immune cells to fight off what it thinks is an infection. Our immune system recognizes that the protein does not belong there. Next, our cells display the spike protein piece on their surface.After the protein piece is made, our cells break down the mRNA and remove it, leaving the body as waste. Once inside, they use the cells’ machinery to produce a harmless piece of what is called the spike protein. After vaccination, the mRNA will enter the muscle cells.First, mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are given in the upper arm muscle or upper thigh, depending on the age of who is getting vaccinated.The cost is also lower than other platforms and will continue to decrease as the technology expands. The manufacturing is sequence-independent, which makes it highly adaptable to different pathogens. Production: mRNA can be quickly designed and scaled up, if necessary. These advances increase the amount of spike protein produced on your cells, thereby stimulating a more effective immune response. Recent technology has modified the mRNA molecule to make it more stable and packaged the molecules in fats (called lipids), increasing cell delivery efficiency. mRNA is made through a cell-independent process and does not require inactivation thus, it poses no safety concerns due to contamination with toxic agents.Įfficacy: mRNA is rapidly degraded in the body, and cells don't readily take up foreign mRNA. Other strategies such as protein-based or inactivated vaccines also require chemicals and cell cultures to produce. Safety: Unlike live-attenuated or viral-vectored vaccines, mRNA is non-infectious and poses no concern for DNA integration-mainly because it cannot enter the nucleus which contains DNA. What are the advantages over other vaccine strategies? If you are infected with SARS-CoV-2, your immune system recognizes the same spike protein and can quickly induce an immune response to fight the virus. Your immune system sees the protein and learns how to make an immune response against it. After injection, the cells in your arm muscles pick up the mRNA, make the protein, and display it on the cell's surface. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines include instructions to make one portion of the virus (the spike protein) that is harmless by itself. Messenger RNA (mRNA) provides a recipe that your cells can use to make proteins. What is mRNA, and how do mRNA vaccines work?
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